دانستن اینکه یک مکمل مؤثر است اهمیت زیادی دارد، اما به همان اندازه مهم است که بدانیم آیا مصرف آن ایمن است یا خیر. بخش اطلاعات ایمنی آقای بدنساز، اطلاعاتی مبتنی بر شواهد درباره مهم‌ترین جنبه‌های ایمنی، از جمله عوارض جانبی، تداخلات و احتیاط‌های لازم برای گروه‌های خاص یا افراد مبتلا به برخی بیماری‌ها ارائه می‌دهد. اطلاعات مربوط به ایمنی مکمل‌ها همیشه به‌راحتی در دسترس نیست و تفسیر آن نیز می‌تواند دشوار باشد. به همین دلیل، تیم پژوهشگران آقای بدنساز، پژوهش‌های موجود را با دقت بررسی، تحلیل و جمع‌بندی کرده‌اند تا به شما و مراجعانتان کمک کنند تصمیم‌هایی آگاهانه‌تر و ایمن‌تر بگیرید.

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خلاصه نکات ایمنی

Apple cider vinegar (ACV) is likely to be safe and well tolerated if diluted and taken in small doses.

عوارض جانبی

There is notable variation in the available ACV products. Acetic acid concentration ranges from ۱% to ۱۰%, although the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) states that vinegar should contain a minimum of ۴%. ACV may also contain citric acid, but products vary in concentration from ۰% to ۱۸.۵%. Some products have also been noted to contain malic or lactic acid in varying quantities. Furthermore, the FDA recognizes acetic acid concentrations above ۲۰% as dangerous for human consumption, yet some ACV products claim to have concentrations above ۳۰%.

عارضه	جزئیات
Evidence for the use of ACV during pregnancy and lactation is scarce. Pasteurized ACV used in foods is likely to be safe, but supplementation is not recommended.	Caution: Quality concerns
Gastrointestinal symptoms	Route: Oral Notes: ACV can cause diarrhea, excessive burping or flatulence, and nausea.
Laryngospasm (vocal cords spasm)	Route: Oral Notes: Two case reports of laryngospasm following ACV ingestion have been published. Laryngospasm will cause difficulty breathing and can be dangerous, especially if the episode is prolonged.
Esophageal injury	Route: Oral Notes: Ingestion of undiluted ACV could cause chemical burns to the esophagus.
Chemical burns to the skin	Route: Topical Notes: Topical ACV preparations can cause damage to the skin and could cause chemical burns.
Damage to tooth enamel	Route: Oral Notes: Drinking ACV, especially if it is not diluted, can erode tooth enamel, which increases the risk of cavities and can cause pain and sensitivity.
Hypokalemia (low potassium levels)	Route: Oral Notes: This side effect only occurred in one case report and with the chronic consumption of very high doses (۲۵۰ mL daily) of ACV.
Reduced bone mineral density	Route: Oral Notes: This side effect only occurred in one case report and with the chronic consumption of very high doses (۲۵۰ mL daily) of ACV.

تداخل‌ها

عامل	توضیحات تداخل	سطح شواهد	شدت
Agent Interaction notes	Level of Evidence Digoxin The side effects of digoxin can be worsened by hypokalemia (low potassium levels). The potassium-lowering effect of large amounts of ACV might theoretically increase the risk of digoxin toxicity. Theoretical Severe Drugs that cause hypokalemia (low potassium) ACV may lower the amount of potassium in the blood, but this effect is unlikely except in large doses. Theoretically, combining ACV with other medications that lower potassium levels could further increase the risk of hypokalemia and its complications, such as cardiac complications. Theoretical Severe Supplements that cause hypokalemia (low potassium) ACV may lower the amount of potassium in the blood, but this effect is unlikely except in large doses. Theoretically, combining ACV with other supplements that lower potassium levels could further increase the risk of hypokalemia and its complications, such as cardiac complications.	Theoretical	Unknown

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